Section 2527. Pavement Marking

 

2527.01 description.

 

A.    Furnish, install, maintain, and remove permanent or temporary pavement markings, temporary delineators, and raised pavement markers, such as for:

 

1.     Diversions and on site detours where the need for this work is anticipated as part of the traffic control plan to accommodate traffic during construction.

 

2.     Replacing markings obliterated during construction activities on roads open to public traffic.

 

3.     Changing markings on roads open to public traffic where the necessary changes result from staged construction.

 

4.     Replacing markings that are obsolete.

 

5.     Marking completed pavement surfaces.

 

B.    Permanent pavement markings are those intended to remain in place after the project is completed. Temporary markings are those that are designated for removal, those that will be obliterated during construction, or those that require changes during construction.

 

C.    Diversions are installations or modifications for the transfer of traffic on four lane or wider roadways to lanes which would normally carry traffic in the opposite direction. Diversions provide for continuous but restricted traffic flow from both directions for divided highways. Diversions usually include crossovers.

 

D.    On site detours are temporary roadways specifically constructed to accommodate traffic during construction.

 

2527.02 MATERIALS.

 

A.    Use pavement marking materials that provide markings readily visible when viewed in daylight and with vehicular headlights at night.

 

B.    The marking materials used for temporary pavement marking include removable marking tape, traffic paint, temporary delineators, and raised pavement markers. Unless specified otherwise, the marking materials used for permanent pavement marking include regular marking tape, traffic paint, and preformed polymer pavement marking material.

 

C.    Other marking materials, such as: epoxy, polyester, or thermoplastic, etc.; may be specified in the contract documents.

 

D.    Materials for pavement markings are described below:

 

1.     Wet, Retroreflective Removable Tape Markings.

a.     Meet the requirements of Article 4183.06, A, and prequalified for use according to Materials I.M. 483.06.

b.     Complying with the following:

1)     Preformed markings consist of white or yellow films providing immediate and continuing retroreflection during dry, wet, and rainy conditions.

2)     Nominal width of 4 inches as specified in the contract documents.

3)     Flexible and formable.

4)     Ensure tape is capable of performing for the duration of a normal construction season and being removed intact or in large pieces. Ensure tape is reflective throughout its useful life. Normal construction season is defined as the time between the last snowplowing in the spring and the first snowplowing in the fall/winter.

5)     Ensure tape design and manufacture allows it to be readily removed when markings are no longer needed.   

 

2.     Traffic Paint.

a.     General.

1)     Use painting equipment complying with the following:

a)     Capable of placing two lines simultaneously with either line in a solid or intermittent pattern in yellow or white.

b)     Capable of applying glass beads at the required rate.

c)     All guns in full view of the operator at all times.

d)     Equipped with a metering device to register the accumulated length for each gun, each day.

e)     Designed so that the pressure gages for each proportioning pump are visible to the operator at all times during operation to monitor fluctuations in pressure.

2)     Apply reflectorizing spheres meeting requirements of Section 4184 to the painted lines. Apply the paint without dilution using mechanical equipment intended for that purpose. Apply the reflectorizing spheres immediately to the wet paint with a pressurized system.

b.     Waterborne and Solvent-based Paint.

1)     Meet the requirements of Section 4183 and Materials I.M. 483.03 for fast dry paint.

2)     Use the nominal application paint and glass bead rates shown in Tables 2527.02-1 and 2527.02-2:

 

Table 2527.02-1: Waterborne Paint

Table 2527.02-2: Solvent-based Paint

 

3)     For all waterborne paint markings applied to Interstates and Primary Highways, on contracts where the Department is the Contracting Authority, or other contracts when specified in the contract documents; ensure the application of paint and glass beads will allow for at least 80% of the beads to achieve at least 50% to 60% embedment in the dry paint and meet the following minimum retroreflectivity requirements:

 

Table 2527.02-3: Retroreflectivity of Waterborne Paint Markings

 

4)     The Contractor is responsible for placement of a quality product that meets or exceeds these specifications.  Prior to commencing work, demonstrate to the Engineer that the equipment and methods to be used on the project will achieve or exceed these requirements.  When retroreflectivity readings are performed, use the procedure in Materials I.M. 386.  Solvent-based paints will be exempt from reflectivity and embedment requirements when applied as allowed in Table 2527.03-1.

c.     Durable Paint Pavement Markings.

1)     Meet requirements of Article 4183.04.

2)     Provide the Engineer with a copy of the manufacturer's recommendations for applying the marking material upon request.  Install the marking material according to the product manufacturer's recommendations.  Provide a minimum binder thickness of 25 mils.  The minimum bead application rate shall be 15 pounds per gallon, bead gradation is AASHTO M 247 Type 3 or as approved by the Engineer, and bead coating is as recommended by the manufacturer of the durable paint product.  Modify the bead package as necessary to consistently meet or exceed the minimum retroreflectivity requirements. For wet reflective applications, mix paint with 5 pounds per gallon of reflective spheres / elements meeting Materials I.M. 484 Appendix B.

3)     Demonstrate to the Engineer at the start of the project the ability to meet the retroreflectivity requirements of these specifications when tested. The Engineer may also require the Contractor to demonstrate the ability to meet the initial retroreflectivity requirements if there is a change in equipment, materials, or a delay of more than 2 months in completing the project.

4)     Final acceptance will be based on compliance with these specifications.  Ensure the markings meet the following retroreflectivity requirements. Use the procedure in Materials I.M. 386 to determine retroreflectivity. Provide average retroreflective values per mile to the Engineer. The Engineer may help define locations for measurement of retroreflectivity. In no case should there be less than five retroreflectivity checks per mile. Number of checks will be averaged against values obtained to determine compliance to minimum retroreflectivity values.

 

Table 2527.02-4: Retroreflectivity of Durable Paint Markings

 

d.     High-Build Waterborne Paint Pavement Markings.

1)     Provide high build waterborne paint listed in Materials I.M. 483.03, Appendix C.

2)     Provide binder thickness of 0.025 inches ± 0.0035 inches. Use glass beads / elements complying with Materials I.M. 484. Use a Bead application rate, of 15 pounds per gallon. Utilize AASHTO M 247 Type 3 bead gradation. Use bead coatings as recommended by the manufacturer of the high-build paint product. Provide a bead package that will ensure initial retroreflectivity requirements consistently at or above the minimum. For wet reflective applications, mix paint with 5 pounds per gallon of reflective spheres / elements meeting Materials I.M. 484 Appendix B.

3)     Demonstrate to Engineer at start of work the ability to meet initial retroreflectivity requirements.

4)     Final acceptance will be based on compliance with these specifications. Ensure markings meet the following retroreflectivity requirements. Use the procedure in Materials I.M. 386 to determine retroreflectivity.  Provide average retroreflective values per mile to the Engineer. The Engineer may help define locations for measurement of retroreflectivity. In no case should there be less than five retroreflectivity checks per mile. Number of checks will be averaged against values obtained to determine compliance to minimum retroreflectivity values.

 

Table 2527.02-5: Retroreflectivity of High-Build Waterborne Paint Markings

 

3.     Regular Marking Tape.

a.     Meet the requirements of Article 4183.06, B and prequalify regular marking tape for use according to Materials I.M. 483.06.

b.     Comply with the following:

1)     Nominal width of 4 inches.

2)     Yellow or white, weather and traffic resistant film on a conformable, metallic foil backing precoated with a pressure sensitive adhesive.

3)     Flexible and formable, and following application, remains conformed to the texture of the pavement surface.

 

4.     Temporary Delineators.

Meet the requirements of Article 4186.07. Mount on posts meeting the requirements of Article 4186.10 for delineator posts.

 

5.     Raised Pavement Markers.

a.     These markers are intended for temporary use to provide retro-reflective pavement markings. Place in addition to other pavement markings, when specified. Use markers for which the reflective surface or surfaces:

·         Have a minimum area of 1/2 square inch,

·         Are of the color required, and

·         Provide reflectance from approaching headlights.

b.     Ensure markers that will be continually exposed to traffic, when installed, do not extend more than 3/4 inch above the pavement surface. Use markers that comply with Materials I.M. 483.07.

 

6.     Channelizer Markers.

Use channelizer markers that comply with Materials I.M. 483.08.

 

7.     Preformed Polymer Tape.

a.     Use preformed polymer tape that:

·         Consists of glass beads imbedded in a white or yellow polymer film,

·         Is precoated with a pressure sensitive adhesive, and

·         Has a nominal width of 4 inches.

b.     The contract documents will specify precut symbols and legends or tape to be made of preformed polymer marking material.

c.     Use marking material that:

·         Is capable of adhering to asphalt and PCC surfaces,

·         Meets the requirements of Article 4183.06, C, and

·         Is prequalified as a preformed polymer tape according to Materials I.M. 483.06.

 

8.     Removable, Nonreflective, Preformed Tape.

Comply with the following:

a.     Nominal width of 6 inches.

b.     Dark grey or black, weather and traffic resistant film.

c.     Precoated on the bottom with a pressure sensitive adhesive.

d.     The top of the tape embedded with skid resistant particles.

e.     Flexible and conforming to the pavement surface.

f.      Capable of remaining in place during its useful life.

g.     Easily removed from the pavement at any time.

h.     Does not damage or discolor the underlying pavement or pavement markings.

 

9.     Profiled Pavement Marking Tape.

a.     Use profiled pavement marking tape that:

·         Consists of reflective beads imbedded in a white or yellow polymer film, which is precoated with a pressure sensitive adhesive,

·         Is capable of adhering to asphalt and PCC surfaces,

·         Meets the requirements of Article 4183.06, E, and

·         Is prequalified as a profiled pavement marking tape according to Materials I.M. 483.06.

b.     This marking tape has raised profiles which gives the tape higher initial retroreflectivity than the preformed polymer marking in Article 2527.02, D, 6.

c.     The contract documents will specify precut symbols and legends or lane stripes to be marked with profiled pavement marking tape. Use lane stripes with a nominal width of 4 inches.

 

10.   Intersection Marking Tape.

a.     Use intersection marking tape that:

·         Consists of reflective beads and ceramic anti-skid particles embedded in a polymer film that is precoated with a pressure sensitive adhesive,

·         Is capable of adhering to asphalt and PCC surfaces,

·         Meets the requirements of Article 4183.06, E, and

·         Is prequalified as a profiled pavement marking tape according to Materials I.M. 483.06.

b.     This marking tape is intended for use in high wear and high shear areas such as cross walks, gore lines, and turn symbols at intersections.

c.     The contract documents will specify precut symbols and legends or lane stripes to be marked with intersection marking tape. Use lane stripes with a nominal width of 4 inches.

 

2527.03 construction.

 

A.    General.

 

1.     The contract documents will specify the quantity, locations, and type of pavement markings required.

 

2.     For painted pavement markings, use self-propelled or truck-mounted equipment designed for the purpose of applying painted pavement markings of the type, width and thickness required. Hand application or towing of the equipment will be allowed for smaller areas as approved by the Engineer. Equip the machine with an adjustable guide-on to obtain proper placement of the line. For all other marking types, use equipment designed for the preparation and application of the appropriate type of pavement marking material.

 

3.     Beginning January 1, 2028, provide a minimum of one employee on the project holding an ATSSA Pavement Marking Technician certification and experience in the application of the appropriate type of pavement marking material.  Employee(s) shall be on site at all times when pavement markings are being applied, with their primary attention being devoted to the surface preparation and pavement marking operations.  If a Certified Technician is not available, a person holding a certificate of completion from the ATSSA Pavement Marking Technician training course (but not yet fully certified as a Pavement Marking Technician) may be allowed to perform temporary waterborne pavement marking applications only.

 

4.     Provide a letter of certification from the pavement marking manufacturer indicating the Contractor’s qualifications to install their product.  The letter shall be signed by an official from the marking manufacturer and the date of the signature must be within the previous 12 months.  Include a copy of the manufacturer’s application instructions enclosed with the letter and always have a copy of both available on site for reference by the Engineer upon request.

 

5.     Before beginning permanent painted pavement marking operations, at a location approved by the Engineer, complete a 300 foot test section application of the appropriate type of pavement marking material that demonstrates the ability to meet the requirements of this specification.  Do not begin permanent pavement marking operations until the Engineer approves the test strip.  The Engineer may waive the test strip requirement if they have sufficient evidence to ensure the crew will perform a quality application.

 

6.     2. When waterborne or solvent based traffic paint is specified, use the following to determine which to apply.  Monitor weather conditions to ensure equipment capable of placing the proper type of paint is available. The Engineer will not consider temperature conditions an excuse for delaying placement of pavement markings. Follow the manufacturer’s written recommendations for other details of application.

a.     From April 23^rd to October 7^th, use waterborne traffic paint when both the atmospheric and surface temperatures are at least 35^°F and rising.  Only use solvent-borne paint if these requirements cannot be met.

b.     From October 8^th to April 22^nd, solvent-borne paint may be used any time.  Only use waterborne traffic paint if both the atmospheric and surface temperatures are at least 35^°F and rising at the time of application.

 

7.     3. Follow the manufacturer’s temperature restriction recommendations for tape and durable paint.

 

8.     4. For all pavement markings, ensure the pavement surface is dry and free from dirt, dust, oil, curing compound, and other contaminates which may interfere with markings properly bonding to the surface. For permanent pavement marking applications, use both compressed air sprays and a power broom ahead of the application truck to achieve these requirements. Ensure the clean surface is at least 1 inch wider than the anticipated marking. Shoot an air blast on the pavement surface immediately prior to placing the new markings. The air blast is not intended to remove large amounts of dust, but only a very small amount of residue that might be left from the removal and cleaning operation.

 

9.     5. Ensure the following for all painted and taped pavement markings:

·         Uniform thickness,

·         Uniform distribution of glass beads throughout the line width,

·         Minimum Lline widths as specified, with a tolerance of ± 1/4 inch for 4 inch lines and ± 1/2 inch for wider lines or a maximum of 1/2 inch above the specified width,

·         Symbols and Legends are visually proportional to contract documents with an out-to-out tolerance of ± 6 inches, and

·         Markings have sharp edges and cutoffs at the ends., and

·         Location and alignment are consistent with contract document requirements.

 

10.   Take a minimum of ten width measurements per mile per line per color, spaced approximately 500 feet apart, for each line and each color. Report these values and locations to the Engineer at the end of each working day. The Engineer may perform additional width checks.  All measurements taken may be used to determine conformance with marking width requirements.

 

11.   Take a minimum of three length measurements within the first 1000 feet of pavement markings applied each day, for each non-continuous line and each color.  Measure both the length of each stripe and the gap between the stripes to ensure they are in conformance with the contract documents and Standard Road Plan PM-110.  Report these values and locations to the Engineer at the end of each working day. The Engineer may perform additional length checks.  All measurements taken may be used to determine conformance with marking length requirements.

 

12.   For pavement markings placed on new pavement surfaces, install any necessary temporary pavement markings, and wait a minimum of 2 weeks from the day the surface is completed before installing permanent markings.

 

13.   Lay out the pavement marking and grooving as detailed in the contract documents and as follows:

a.     Apply pavement markings straight and close to the intended alignment without abrupt changes that result in an unacceptable appearance by using a guiding device extending at least 3 feet ahead of the machine.  A laser or camera guidance system is also acceptable provided the system can achieve the intended alignment.  Lines that deviate laterally from the intended alignment more than 2 inches in 200 feet may be rejected.

b.     The location of edge lines on all two-lane roadways shall be referenced from the roadway centerline.  On multi-lane roadways, the locations of edge lines shall be referenced to accurately located longitudinal joints near lane line locations. The location of edge lines on ramps may be referenced to the pavement edge. Where such references do not exist or are not reliable, locate the lines as follows:

1)     For straight or nearly straight lines, provide reference marks spaced no more than 50 feet apart, or reference the location to a stringline set between marking line points.

2)     For curves, reference the locations to closely spaced marking line points. For sharp curves, a spacing of 10 feet between marking reference points may be required.

3)     Other equally effective systems the Engineer approves.

c.     For all markings, utilize adequate guide marks to ensure the accurate application of the pavement markings.

d.     Pavement marking grooving shall adhere to these same requirements such that properly applied marking material can be placed fully within each intended groove.

 

14.   For all painted pavement marking applications, do not exceed manufacturer’s recommended application travel speed or 10 mph, whichever is less.

 

15.   6. For tape products, follow the manufacturer's recommendations for surface dryness, primers, adhesives, and other surface preparation requirements. Unless specified otherwise by the tape manufacturer, meet the following test for determining surface dryness before applying the tape:

a.     In an area of direct sunlight where the tape will be applied, place an 18 inch by 18 inch piece of polyethylene (a green or black garbage bag may be used). There should not be any holes or tears in the polyethylene.

b.     Tape down all the edges of the polyethylene sheet to seal all the edges and not allow any air movement to get under the polyethylene.

c.     Firmly tamp the tape using the tamper cart or by foot tamping.

d.     Allow 20 to 25 minutes for the polyethylene to be exposed to the direct sunlight.

e.     Remove the polyethylene from the road surface. If no moisture is present on the underside of the polyethylene or on the road surface, the tape can be applied.

f.      If any moisture is present, allow another hour to pass and repeat the test until no moisture is found.

 

B.    Traffic Control.

Apply the provisions of Section 2528 to traffic control for removing and placing painted and taped pavement markings, along with the following additional requirements:

 

1.     Place traffic control devices on the roadway before removal operations have commenced. Leave traffic control devices in place through the completed curing time of the newly applied pavement markings.

 

2.     Do not close any longer length of lane than can be adequately removed and replace in a single working day.

 

3.     For painted pavement markings, do not remove traffic control devices until the newly applied pavement markings are tack free.

 

C.    Removal of Pavement Markings.

 

1.     Promptly remove, on the same day new lines are placed, all existing pavement markings in the newly marked traffic lanes that are confusing, conflicting, or misleading to traffic. The Engineer may designate other pavement markings for removal to maximize the effectiveness of the traffic control plan.

 

2.     Upon completion of the project, remove all new pavement markings which are applied according to this specification and would change the color or placement of existing standard pavement markings. Removal may also be required during progress of the work if lines that are no longer needed cause confusion in traffic delineation.

 

3.     Remove existing painted pavement markings so that 90% or more of the pavement is visible. Tightly adhering markings may remain in the bottom of the tining and other depressions on the pavement surface but shall not be visible to the motorist during daytime or night time. Remove tape markings according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Ensure removal processes do not cause functional damage to the transverse or longitudinal joint sealant materials.

 

4.     Conduct pavement marking removal operations in a manner so that the finished pavement surface is not damaged or left in a pattern that may mislead or misdirect the motorist. When the operations are completed, power broom the pavement surface. Remove all marking removal debris from the pavement surface before the pavement is open to public traffic.

 

5.     Perform pavement marking removal to a width no less than the width of the existing or new pavement markings plus 1 inch. When symbols or legends are removed, remove the entire area of the existing symbol or legend; in a rectangular shape so no directionality may be observed from the removed symbol or legend.

 

6.     Removal will not be required prior to being covered by a construction process unless specified in the contract documents. Utilize high pressure water blasting for removal of pavement markings. Engineer approval is required for alternate pavement marking removal processes.  Containment is required if open abrasive blasting or dry grinding is allowed by the Engineer. No additional compensation will be allowed for contractor requested and Engineer approved alternate pavement marking removal processes.

 

7.     In lieu of physical removal, existing pavement markings may be covered by removable, nonreflective, preformed tape that is prequalified according to Materials I.M. 483.06 and meets the requirements of Articles 2527.02, D, 7, and 4183.06, D.

 

8.     Ensure pavement marking removal equipment:

a.     Operates without the release of dust,

b.     Recovers all removed material, and

c.     Includes a waste collection and transfer system and for dry wastes, ensure the system incorporates HEPA methods and equipment.

 

9.     Removal operations may be halted if the process and final result is not acceptable to the Engineer.

 

10.   Remove collected material and dispose of according to applicable Federal and State regulations.

 

11.   Remove temporary delineators, posts, and raised pavement markers when their need no longer exists or when directed by the Engineer.

 

D.    Permanent Pavement Marking.

 

1.     When permanent marking is required, place:

·         Center lines, lane lines, no passing zone lines, and edge lines,

·         Barrier lines and transverse lines,

·         Symbols and legends, and

·         Other markings required by the contract documents or by the Engineer.

 

2.     Permanent marking will normally be required, according to this specification, for all projects on which public traffic is allowed during construction.

 

3.     Accurately place all lines to a close tolerance using a guide extending at least 3 feet ahead of the machine. The location of edge lines may be referenced to the pavement edge. The locations of other longitudinal lines may be referenced to accurately located longitudinal joints. Where such references do not exist or are not reliable, locate the lines as follows:

a.     For straight or nearly straight lines, reference the locations to a stringline set between marking line points.

b.     For curves, reference the locations to closely spaced marking line points. For sharp curves, a spacing of 10 feet may be required.

c.     Other equally effective systems the Engineer approves.

 

E.     Temporary Pavement Marking.

The location of temporary pavement marking will be shown in the contract documents or as directed by the Engineer. Temporary pavement marking includes:

 

1.     Diversions.

Temporarily mark roadways as follows:

a.     Mark the traffic lane or roadway for traffic that is not diverted with a continuous yellow inside edge line in the approach taper, continuing as a no passing zone line through the diversion along the existing lane line.

b.     For traffic that is to be diverted:

1)     Place a continuous yellow line as a left edge line through both crossovers, continuing as a no passing zone line through the diversion.

2)     Place a white edge line on the right pavement edge through the diversion and both crossovers.

 

2.     On Site Detours.

a.     Mark on site detours for two way traffic with two continuous no passing zone lines near the center of the roadway and two continuous white edge lines, one at each pavement edge.

b.     Mark on site detours for one lane traffic with two continuous white edge lines, one at each pavement edge.

 

3.     Marking Changes Resulting from Stage Construction.

On all sections of Primary Road open to traffic during construction activities, place center lines, lane lines, no passing zone lines, and edge lines necessary for the construction stage as shown in the contract documents or as directed by the Engineer.

 

4.     Temporary Delineators.

Erect temporary delineators (when required) as shown in the contract documents.  Temporary delineators will usually be single, white reflectors which are to be placed:

·         2 feet beyond the outside edge of the shoulder, and

·         4 feet above the edge of the pavement on delineator posts.

 

5.     Raised Pavement Markers.

a.     Place raised pavement markers parallel to the line being marked at that location. Place according to the manufacturer's recommendations, subject to the Engineer’s approval.

b.     For pavement crossovers, supplement the white and yellow edge line with raised pavement markers, spaced at 10 feet on center, from the beginning of the lane reduction taper through the reverse curves of the crossover.

 

F.     Markings Obliterated During Construction.

 

1.     On sections of pavement open to traffic, place pavement markings where operations have obliterated existing markings.

 

2.     On Primary and Interstate highways, replace pavement markings before the lane or road is opened to traffic in the following situations:

a.     Multi-Lane Roads.

1)     Divided.

a)     Lane lines obliterated for 50 feet or more.

b)     Edge lines obliterated for 50 feet or more.

2)     Undivided (Three or More Lanes) or Road with Continuous Two-Way Left-Turn Lane.

a)     Lane lines obliterated for 50 feet or more.

b)     Edge lines obliterated for 50 feet or more.

c)     Center lines obliterated for 50 feet or more.

b.     Two Lane Roads.

1)     Edge lines obliterated for 50 feet or more.

2)     Center lines obliterated for 50 feet or more.

3)     No Passing Zone lines obliterated.

 

3.     On other roadways, centerline markings obliterated during construction shall be replaced within 3 calendar days after the operation that obliterated the markings has been completed within the entire project limits. Place traffic control as shown in the contract documents.

 

4.     Within 3 working days from the day the pavement and shoulder work are completed for the project, place edge lines that are not required to be placed before the lane or road is opened to traffic. Place remaining pavement markings within 3 working days from the day the road work is completed for the project.

 

5.     Place symbols and legends within 5 working days from the day the road is open to traffic.

 

6.     Pavement markings disturbed by milled rumble strip operations shall be replaced within 5 working days from the day markings are disturbed.

 

G.    Defective Pavement Markings and Grooves.

1.     Pavement markings will be evaluated by the Engineer for acceptance following installation. The, and the Engineer will notify the Contractor of any pavement markings that fails to meet acceptance. Reasons for failure could include, but are not limited to, failed retroreflectivity readings, incorrect color, incorrect location, poor alignment, poor adherence to the pavement surface, insufficient thickness, width or length and insufficient bead embedment. Replace, at no additional cost to the Contracting Authority, all pavement markings which the Engineer determines to be defective and not in conformance with this specification. Remove the defective markings completely and clean to the underlying pavement surface according to the requirements of Article 2527.03, C. Remove the defective area plus all adjacent marking material extending 1 foot in any direction. After surface preparation work is complete, finish the repair by reapplying new marking material over the cleaned pavement surface according to the requirements of this specifications the contract documents.

 

2.     Non-conformance with the contract documents may include, but are not limited to:

a.     Pavement markings that:

1)     Have drag marks, gashes, gouges, foreign covering, discolored areas or areas that have failed to solidify.

2)     Have improper adhesion, length, color, thickness, or bead embedment.

3)     Have areas that present a ragged appearance, areas that do not present sharply defined edges, or areas with abrupt unintended changes in alignment.

b.     Pavement marking grooves that are not of the correct width, length, depth, cross slope, or alignment.

c.     Markings that are not substantially placed within each intended pavement marking groove, when grooving is required and the grooves are placed in conformance with the contract documents.

d.     Lines or grooves that deviate laterally from the intended alignment by more than 2 inches in 200 feet may be rejected.

e.     Lines or grooves that do not meet the required widths.  No more than 300 feet of deficient width line or groove may be allowed to remain in each 1 mile segment.

f.      Lines that do not meet minimum retroreflectivity requirements as listed in Tables 2527.02-3, 2527.02-4, and 2527.02-5.  Evaluate markings in 1 mile increments using the procedures and requirements listed in Materials I.M. 386. For any 1 mile section in which the average of all readings in a single line does not meet minimum retroreflectivity requirements, replace the markings in the entire 1 mile section. Ensure replacement markings meet minimum retroreflectivity requirements.

 

H.    Grooving for Pavement Markings.

 

1.     When specified, place pavement markings in a groove cut into the pavement surface. Dry or wet cut the groove in a single pass, using stacked diamond polycrystalline disk cutting heads mounted on a floating down-pressure head with controls capable of providing accurate and uniform depth relative to the pavement surface, a groove cross slope that matches that of the adjacent pavement,and alignment consistent with the requirements of the contract documents. If dry cutting, use equipment that is self-vacuuming. Use the equipment according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

 

2.     Ensure the groove meets the following specifications:

a.     Groove width.

For lines, a minimum of 8 inch width or the marking width plus 1 inch each side of making, whichever is greater, with a tolerance of +/- 0.25 inches. For symbols and legends, extend grooving 1 inch beyond the most extreme edge of the symbol in an allowable pattern as shown in the contract documents. Minimize grooved margin around symbols as determined by the Engineer.

b.     Groove depth.

A grooved depth of 0.080 inches +/- 0.010 inches applies to all pavement markings. If a different groove depth is recommended by the pavement marking manufacturer, the Engineer will determine the depth.

c.     Groove length.

Full length of marking plus 3 inches minimum grooving transition on either end.  Do not use a continuous groove for dash markings. When replacing existing dash markings, start cycle so most of the existing marking is removed with the groove.  No additional removal of existing markings is required.

d.     Groove position.

Minimum of 2 inches from edge of the longitudinal joint.

e.     Finished surface.

The bottom of the groove should have a fine corduroy-like texture. The maximum allowable rise between the high and low points across the width of the groove is 0.010 inch.

f.      Groove cleaning.

Vacuum and broom dry cut grooves using a high pressure air blast for the final cleaning. If wet cutting is used, immediately flush the groove with water and recover the removed material. Allow the surface to dry to a visibly dry condition. Ensure the surface to receive the tape is free from dust, dirt, or other contaminates that may interfere with the tape properly bonding.

 

I.      Limitations.

 

1.     When pavement markings are required, coordinate their application with other construction work and associated traffic control changes.

 

2.     Use wet, retroflective removable tape markings for temporary pavement markings which extend diagonally across a final traffic lane.

 

3.     When the installation of preformed polymer pavement marking material or profiled pavement marking tape is in conjunction with placement of HMA, inlay the tape by positioning it on the HMA prior to the final rolling. Perform the installation of the tape according to the manufacturer's recommendations. If grooving is specified, do not inlay the tape into hot HMA.

 

4.     When pavement markings are placed on newly completed PCC pavements, remove the existing curing compound film from horizontal surfaces in these locations. Curing compound film need not be removed from curbs or other vertical surfaces. Remove the curing compound in a manner that does not damage the underlying PCC pavement.

 

5.     Complete the placement of pavement markings before the lane, road, on-site detour, or diversion is open to traffic.

 

6.     If unavoidable circumstances result in not being able to complete the pavement marking placement or removal specified for that day, provide traffic control until the pavement marking placement or removal work is completed.

 

J.     Maintenance.

Maintain in good condition all pavement markings, symbols and legends, temporary delineators, and raised pavement markers for which the Contractor is responsible. Replace, if necessary, for the period of their intended use. Their condition is subject to review by the Engineer.

 

2527.04 method of measurement.

 

A.    Measurement for pavement markings, symbols and legends, temporary delineators, and raised pavement markers, satisfactorily placed or approved, will be as follows:

 

1.     Painted Pavement Markings.

Stations of the type specified placed with traffic paint. This includes both permanent and temporary pavement marking.

 

2.     Permanent Tape Markings.

Stations placed of the type specified in the contract documents.

 

3.     Wet, Retroflective Removable Tape Markings.

Stations placed. Removing wet, retroflective removable tape markings will not be measured separately for payment.

 

4.     Painted Symbols and Legends.

By count for the type specified complete as a unit placed with traffic paint.

 

5.     Precut Symbols and Legends.

By count for each complete unit placed with the marking tape specified in the contract documents.

 

6.     Temporary Delineators.

By count.

 

7.     Raised Pavement Markers.

By count.

 

8.     Pavement Markings Removed.

Stations. Pavement markings obliterated during construction that are of removable marking tape, or removed by the Contractor on the Contractor's own accord, will not be measured separately for payment.

 

9.     Symbols and Legends Removed.

By count. Symbols and legends obliterated during construction or removed by the Contractor on the Contractor's own accord, will not be measured separately for payment.

 

10.   Removable, Nonreflective, Preformed Tape.

Stations of Removable, Nonreflective, Preformed Tape placed. Removal of the tape will not be measured separately for payment.

 

11.   Grooves Cut for Pavement Markings.

Stations. This quantity will be equivalent to the number of stations measured for the Pavement markings. Additional width and transition length will be incidental.

 

12.   Grooves Cut for Symbols and Legends.

By count for grooves cut for profiled marking tape. Each symbol or legend groove will be counted as a complete unit.

 

B.    The Engineer will measure the number of stations, based on a single 6 inch width, of painted, taped, and/or removed line. The length of each type of markings will be determined using beginning and ending points, and adjusting for breaks at side roads, median crossings, station equations, or other locations shown in the contract documents. The measurement for dashed and dotted lines will be adjusted to exclude skips. Measurement of lines wider or narrower than 6 inches will be adjusted by the quantity factor to a 6 inch line.

 

2527.05 basis of payment.

 

A.    Payment for pavement marking, symbols and legends, temporary delineators, and raised pavement markers, satisfactorily placed or removed, will be at the contract unit price as follows:

 

1.     Painted Pavement Markings.

Per station of the type specified, placed with traffic paint, including both temporary and permanent marking.

 

2.     Permanent Tape Markings.

Per station placed for the type of marking tape specified in the contract documents.

 

3.     Wet, Retroflective Removable Tape Markings.

a.     Per station placed.

b.     Payment includes removing the wet, retroflective removable tape markings, when required.

 

4.     Painted Symbols and Legends.

Each.

 

5.     Precut Symbols and Legends.

Each.

 

6.     Temporary Delineators.

Each.

 

7.     Raised Pavement Markers.

Each.

 

8.     Pavement Markings Removed.

Per station.

 

9.     Symbols and Legends Removed.

Each.

 

10.   Removable, Nonreflective, Preformed Tape.

a.     Per station placed.

b.     Payment includes removal of the tape and repairing damage to the existing pavement markings caused by the tape.

 

11.   Grooves Cut for Pavement Markings.

Per station.

 

12.   Grooves Cut for Symbols and Legends.

Each.

 

B.    Payment is full compensation for:

·         Cleaning and surface preparation,

·         Application of temporary and permanent pavement markings, symbols and legends,

·         Maintenance of pavement markings,

·         Removal of pavement markings or symbols and legends,

·         Installing or removing temporary delineators,

·         Installing or removing raised pavement markers, and

·         Furnishing all materials, equipment and labor, and disposal of material generated from the removal operations.