2519.01 DESCRIPTION.
This work shall consist of furnishing all material, setting posts, and erecting the fence in accordance with the contract documents.

2519.02 MATERIALS.
Materials shall meet requirements of Section 4154, for the type of fence specified.

2519.03 CONSTRUCTION
Field fence or chain link fences shall be of the type and dimensions shown in the contract documents and in accordance with the following provisions:

A. Field Fence

1. General.
The fence shall be erected along the right of way line, parallel to and 1 foot (300 mm) inside the right of way line, unless otherwise shown on the plans. Unless otherwise required by the contract documents, the wire shall be installed on the roadway side of the posts.

Prior to placement a smooth ground profile free of all tall grass and debris shall be provided in the area the fence is to be placed.

When rock is encountered, appropriate means of excavation shall be employed to the bottom of post elevation. Backfill shall be of suitable material placed and thoroughly compacted by tamping until the post is firmly embedded, plumb, and true to alignment.

2. Brace Post Assembly.
Brace posts shall be located so the horizontal brace will make contact with both posts while posts are in the vertical position. All posts shall be set as shown in the contract documents. Angle posts will be required where vertical alignment of fence changes 30 degrees or more. Corner posts will be required where horizontal alignment of fence changes by 10 degrees or more. When required in the contract documents, pull post assemblies shall be required at right-of-way breaks of less than 10 degrees, horizontal alignment changes less than 30 degrees, and property corners. An end post assembly will be required where a fence begins or ends.

Angle, corner, end, gate, and brace posts shall be backfilled by tamping a well graded crushed stone meeting requirements of Section 4120 or a PCC mix approved by the Engineer. At the time backfill is placed, it shall contain sufficient moisture to be readily and thoroughly compacted by tamping. Posts may be driven if demonstrated that driving can be done in a manner that will not damage the post. The post will be driven plumb and true to alignment. Voids around driven posts that require straightening will be backfilled and thoroughly compacted by tamping.

Metal braces shall be installed as shown in the contract documents and shall be placed so they will not hold water on top of the brace. At installations with two brace wires, tension shall be maintained in both directions.

3. Pull Post Assemblies.
Pull post assemblies are for the purpose of tightening fence wire by mechanical means. Fence fabric from both directions shall be tightened by mechanical means to the middle post. Each line wire of the fence fabric and barbed wire shall be secured at pull posts with a staple. The staples shall be driven so they are not parallel with the wood grain and are tight. Pull post assemblies are required when the distance between pull posts is greater than 960 feet (300 m) in straight lines of fence.

Setting of posts shall comply with provisions in Paragraph 1 above.

4. Line Posts.
In each run of fence between brace posts line posts shall be set at the interval designated in the contract documents. Wood posts shall be no smaller than 4 inch (100 mm) top diameter. In any run of fence 1,000 feet (300 m) or less, all steel line posts shall be of the same type.

Steel line posts shall be set by driving. Care shall be used not to damage steel posts while driving. Wood line posts shall be set in bored holes not smaller than 9 inches (225 mm) in diameter or by driving in a manner which will not damage the post. Soil removed from bored holes shall be thoroughly tamped back into the hole.

All posts shall be set plumb and true to line. All posts out-of-plumb more than 1 inch (25 mm) shall be reset. All posts out-of-line more than 2 inches (50 mm) shall be reset.

At each steel post, each line wire of the fence fabric and barbed wire shall be secured to the post by a wire tie or clip which will be wrapped around the wire on each side of the post, holding the wire tightly to the post and preventing slipping up or down the post.

5. Stretching Fence Fabric.
Fabric shall be cut and tied off at all pull posts. Each line wire of the fabric shall be passed around the pull post and secured by not less than four wraps tight around itself. The wire shall be stretched until all slack is taken up, all longitudinal wires are taut, and approximately 50% of the factory fabricated fence crimp is removed. Tension in the fabric shall be applied by mechanical means using equipment designed for such use. The fabric shall be held until the end of each line wire has been tightened around the pull post and securely wrapped on itself. The fabric at the angle or corner post assembly shall be hand tensioned from the pull post around the angle or corner post to the other pull post.

For pull post assemblies the fence fabric shall be extended past the brace post and attached to the pull post. Each line wire of the fabric shall be cut and wrapped around the pull post and secured by not less than four wraps tight around itself.

6. Stretching Barbed Wire.
Each strand of barbed wire shall be secured at pull posts by being wrapped around the post and not less than four wraps tight around itself. Tension shall be applied to each individual strand of barbed wire by mechanical means using equipment designed for such use. The wire shall be held until the end of each wire has been tightened around the pull post and the ends secured on itself before the tension is released.

7. Splices.
Splices in fence fabric shall be made by attaching the fabric to pull posts according to Paragraph 3 or by wire splice, approved fence splice, crimp connector, or rod method, as detailed in the contract documents.

Splices in barbed wire shall be made by attaching the wire to pull posts according to Paragraph 6 or by approved fence splice or crimped connector recommended for barbed wire which develops a strength of at least 85% of the wire strength, as detailed in the contract documents.

Splices in brace wire shall be made by approved splice or crimped connector recommended for brace wire which develops a strength of at least 85% of the wire strength, as detailed in the contract documents.

8. Gates.
Gates shall be mounted so that they swing fully and do not sag or drag on the ground. They shall be provided with a galvanized, welded chain long enough to completely encircle the post and the end frame of the gate. The chain links shall be large enough to use with a padlock. A 4 inch (100 m) diameter wood post shall be driven in the ground to provide an adequate stop to prevent the gate from opening to a point that would damage the gate.

9. Electrical Grounds.
Field fence will not be required to be grounded except as required in the contract documents.

10. Channel Crossing Fence.
Channel crossing fence, of the type specified in the contract documents, will be required when a stream or ravine is to be crossed and it is impractical to fit the line fence to the existing ground line and when more than two additional barbed wires are required below the normal line fence to adequately close the opening. Channel crossing fence shall be constructed in general conformance with, and at locations indicated in the contract documents.

Posts shall be set and the barbed wire shall be stretched and secured as specified for field fence.

The maximum spacing of barbed wire shall be 6 inches (150 mm).

For Type A channel crossing fence, extra length wood posts and additional field fence materials shall be used to close the opening satisfactorily. For Type B channel crossing fence, a floodgate, constructed as shown in the contract documents, shall be required in addition to extra length wood posts and additional field fence materials needed to close the opening satisfactorily.

11. Flood Plain Fence.
Flood plain fence shall consist of materials specified for field fence using wood line posts only, spaced as shown in the contract documents, and with the fence fabric on the downstream side of the posts. Construction of flood plain fence shall otherwise meet requirements for field fence.

B. CHAIN LINK FENCE.

1. General.
Unless otherwise provided, chain link fence shall be a nominal 72 inches (1.8 m) in height with steel posts connected with pipe rails at the top and tensioned stretcher wire at the bottom.

2. Posts.
The Engineer will designate the location of each end, angle, corner, and gate post. At each end, angle, corner, and gate, posts shall be set with the required brace post assembly.

All posts shall be set vertically as shown in the contract documents. The hole around each post shall be filled with PCC meeting requirements of Section 2403.

Care shall be used to prevent dirt or other foreign material from being mixed with concrete as it is placed. Forms will not be required if, in the opinion of the Engineer, the earth around the hole is dry and firm enough to permit satisfactory placement. Concrete shall completely fill the hole around the post and shall be neatly finished to slope up to the post approximately 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) above the ground surface. The concrete shall be protected from drying by covering with soil or burlap kept wet for 24 hours or by applying white curing compound. Posts shall be set not less than 24 hours before fence is stretched.

In lieu of drilling holes for posts and filling with concrete, other equivalent means of securely anchoring the posts into the ground may be used if approved by the Engineer.

Pull posts, constructed according to the contract documents, shall be placed between end, angle, corner, and gate posts, as necessary, so that no section of fence longer than 500 feet (150 m) shall be constructed with line posts only.

The top rail shall be installed according to the contract documents.

3. Chain Link Fabric.
Unless otherwise required, the fabric shall be placed on the side of the posts closest to the roadway to be protected. For non-roadway installations, the fabric shall be attached on the side designated in the contract documents.

Each end of each run of chain link fabric shall be secured by a stretcher bar inserted in the final link of the fabric. The length of the stretcher bar shall be the same as the width of fabric. This bar and the tight fabric shall be secured to the end post by tension bands equally spaced not more than 15 inches (380 mm) apart. A tension wire tightened by mechanical means shall be placed approximately 4 inches(100 mm) from the lower edge of the fence. The chain link fabric shall be attached securely to the braces, top rail, tension wire, and all intermediate posts at intervals of not more than 1 foot (300 mm) by wire ties or clips. The ground surface along the line of the fence shall be uniformly smoothed for a width of 2 feet (600 mm) so that the fabric will conform to the ground surface.

4. Gates.
Gates shall be erected as shown in the contract documents.

5. Electrical Grounds.
Chain link fence that crosses beneath any primary electrical power transmission line, other than a secondary feeder line for individual customer service, shall be properly grounded. The fence shall be grounded at the point of transmission line crossing and at a distance of 25 to 50 feet (7.5 m to 15 m) in each direction from the crossing. The grounding installation shall be as detailed in the contract documents.

Chain link fence erected adjacent to and within 50 feet (15 m) of a primary power line shall be grounded by placing ground rods at not more than 500 foot (150 m) intervals.

Each applicable straight section of fence shall have at least one ground. The Engineer may require the installation of an additional ground at the terminus of a section of fence or at other locations near areas of pedestrian traffic. Ground rod shall be connected to the fence as shown in the contract documents.

2519.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT.
The number of linear feet (meters) of Field Fence or Chain Link Fence constructed of the height and type specified, will be determined by measuring along the fence at the bottom of the fabric, excluding the length of gates or fence otherwise measured for payment.

The number of Field Fence Brace Panels installed will be determined by the count of metal braces properly installed for the various units.

The number of linear feet (meters) of Channel Crossing Fence of the type specified and constructed according to the contract documents will be determined by measuring along the fence at the bottom of the fabric between end posts for the channel crossing fence.

The number of linear feet (meters) of Flood Plain Fence constructed will be determined by measuring along the fence at the bottom of the fabric between end posts for the flood plain fence.

The number of Gates of each type and size installed will be determined by count of the various units.

2519.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT.
For the number of linear feet (meters) of the various types of fence constructed and measured, the Contractor will be paid the contract unit price per linear foot (meter).

For the number of Field Fence Brace Panels constructed and measured, the Contractor will be paid the contract unit price. This payment shall be compensation for brace wires and metal braces.

For the number of Gates constructed and measured, the Contractor will be paid the contract unit price.

Electrical grounds required in the contract documents will not be paid for separately. Additional electrical grounds required by the Engineer will be paid in accordance with Article 1109.03, B.

These payments shall be full compensation for furnishing all material and for construction of fence as provided herein including clean up after the work is complete. Excavation will not be paid for separately, but excavation in unexpected rock will be paid for as extra work. Unexpected rock will be considered as rock encountered during post installation, but not visible from the roadway nor indicated in the contract documents.